Vitamin B12 deficiency results in megaloblastic anemia, GI lesions, and neurologic damage (which begins with an inability to produce myelin and is followed by gradual degeneration of the axon and nerve head)
Core keywords include dietary fiber, gut inflammation, depression, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Boolean operators (AND/OR) will be used to construct comprehensive search expressions, such as (dietary fiber OR resistant starch) AND (gut inflammation OR intestinal barrier) AND (depression OR mood disorder). Time period: studies published between January 2013 and December 2023 will be included to ensure the retrieval of the most recent evidence within the past decade
This structural modification documented in a 2020 Endocrine Reviews study enhances the peptides stability against dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) degradation, extending its half-life and producing a more sustained GH-releasing effect
This substance, consisting of 15 amino acids, is a fragment of a larger protein naturally found in the gastric juice of mammals
PMID 16029679 Pharmaceutics
