Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 19(10), 837842
This process involves both molecular and morphological changes in the astrocytes, including increased expression of GFAP, vimentin and nestin, uptake of excitotoxic glutamate, protection from oxidative stress by the production of GSH, neuroprotection by release of adenosine, degradation of amyloid-beta peptides, facilitation of blood-brain barrier, increased formation of gap junctions between astrocytes, formation of scars and, in some cases release of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), and production of ROS [3,35,38-40]
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Expression of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor is up-regulated in primary prostate cancer and commonly persists in metastatic disease
Communicable Dis